A faulty hydraulic pump—how can you tell if it's broken?

Have you ever wondered why the hydraulic system in your equipment or vehicle isn’t working as smoothly as it used to? A faulty hydraulic pump may be one of the main causes of problems in the system. It’s important to know how to recognize the signs of a malfunction so you can respond quickly and avoid more serious damage.

Symptoms of a Faulty Hydraulic Pump

The hydraulic pump is a vital component in many vehicles. It plays a key role in powering vehicle components such as:

• lifts,
• shafts,
• other mechanisms.

It is crucial that you notice the first signs of a faulty pump in time. This way, you can save other components and significantly reduce repair or rebuild costs. The main symptoms of a faulty pump are:

• Reduced system performance: you notice a loss of power when performing tasks that were never a problem before,
• Disturbing and unusual noises coming from the system,
• Irregular pump operation and pressure surges: jerking or momentary interruptions in operation,
• Increased vibration during operation,
• Cracks and oil leaks,
• Declining performance as temperature rises,
• Lack of response to controls: the machine does not respond to joystick or lever commands.

These are symptoms you may observe during operation. They are usually a sign that something is wrong and that you should stop work to inspect the equipment. It is not worth waiting until the machine stops working completely.

The most common causes of hydraulic pump failure

Hydraulic pumps, like any equipment, are prone to failure and wear. They operate under high pressure and at high temperatures, which contributes to component wear and failure. The manufacturer should anticipate the conditions for which the equipment is designed and account for its weak points. The main causes of pump failure are:

• Excessively high system temperature: the system should be designed to dissipate excess heat and maintain a constant operating temperature.
• Excessive pressure: operating at increased RPMs is detrimental to the pump’s service life. This device is designed to operate at optimal values, not excessive ones.
• Adverse operating conditions: operating in dust, mud, or rain constantly exposes the system to contamination.
• Component wear: constant friction, pressure, and temperature have a negative impact on the pump.
• Improper maintenance: lack of lubrication or used oil can damage the pump.
• Improper operation: an inexperienced operator who does not know how to operate the machine can be the main cause of failure. Improper operation very often contributes to sudden malfunctions.

Reconditioning or repairing hydraulic pumps—is it worth it?

Once you know your pump needs to be replaced, ask yourself this important question: Is it worth remanufacturing or repairing? There is no clear-cut answer, but in most cases, repair or remanufacturing is sufficient. After repair, the pump is tested and performs just as well as a new unit. However, always consider:

• the cost of a new pump,
• the cost of reconditioning,
• the waiting time.

It is generally accepted that if the repair cost is less than 80% of the value of a new pump, it is worth remanufacturing. Also consider the time the machine will be out of service for repairs. If the remanufacturing cost is close to the value of a new unit and the waiting time is longer than purchasing a new component, it is worth analyzing which option is more beneficial—downtime or a cheaper repair?

When choosing a facility that specializes in reconditioning or repair, use the services of experienced professionals who have a good reputation in their field. Mechanizacji is just such a place. Remember that preventive maintenance will significantly extend the life of the hydraulic pump in your machine.